Wednesday, 12 November 2014

Urban Planning: Smart Cities

The Real-Time City? Big Data and Smart Urbanism - Rob Kitchin 

Rob Kitchin’s article discusses what makes smart cities, and in particular how these cities are connected to ‘everyware’. This connection is by devices ‘built into the fabric of urban environments’ (for example wi-fi, broadband, transport infrastructure etc). ‘Connecting up, integrating and analysing the information produced by these various forms of everyware, it is argued, provides a more cohesive and smart understanding of the city that enhances efficiency and sustainability and provides rich seams of data that can be used to better depict, model and predict urban processes and stimulate the likely outcomes of future further development.’ This connection allows cities and its people to become more knowledgeable and controllable
Big data and cities is the next topic Kitchin discusses, explaining how big data is the collection of large datasets such as national censuses, government records and surveys. The sources of big data are divided into three categories; directed, automated and volunteered. These forms of data are large, detailed and varied. Big data is must be:
  • Huge in volume
  • High in velocity
  • Diverse in variety
  • Exhaustive in scope
  • Fine-grained in resolution
  • Relational in nature
  • Flexible

Real-time analytics is a common method for governments to manage how a city functions. This is most common with transportation and the movement of people. This can be measured via surveillance cameras, logging transport usage and even air pollution. There have also been attempts to centralise this information for an open data analytic like in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Communicating this information to the community has been done through ‘city dashboards’ where people can access real-time information about weather, transport, stock market etc. This type of analytics can be extremely helpful for tourists, service workers, firemen, policemen and rescue teams. Concerns about the real-time city include:
  • Politics of big urban data
  • Technocratic governance and city development
  • The corporation of city governance and technological lock-in
  • Buggy, brittle and hackable cities
  • The panoptic city

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